Tag Archive for 'keeving'

High excitement and a bit of bother

Towards the end of last November I spent a sunny day on my knees in
Venetia’s orchard picking up the last fallers from amongst her various
cider apple trees. I had previously collected the Yarlingtons, but now
the Dabinetts had decided that their time had also come. The grass was
full of them, beautiful, big and rosy. Next along the row, another big
carpet from the Brown Thorns, brightly orange, also beckoned. I picked
solidly all day, ending up with over half a ton bagged up in the back
of the Landrover. My back ached terribly but I felt satisfied to have
picked enough that day for one complete pressing on St. Em. There must
have been even more than I thought, because next day’s pressing
produced 400 litres of juice. Having laboured so hard and seen the
beauty of the apples close at hand, as compared with my usual casual
regard of machine harvested apples, I felt loathe to add the juice to
the main blend. Rather than that, I decided to keeve it and make it as
a special. Unfortunately the keeving did not work, so in January with
this separate 400 litres of now fully dry cider, I found myself
wondering what to do with it. The sensible thing was to put in with
the main blend. This I did for the most part, but I could not bear to
lose all of this rather special pressing, so I kept 120 litres of it
in a blue tub, to bottle for home consumption. I happened to give this
cider a try, just as I was about to put some cider into demijohns for
the Bath and West. I liked it so much that I decided to send it to the
Show instead of the main blend. What was to happen next has become one
of the most memorable episodes of my life.

I’m still dazed and amazed at my unbelievable good fortune with this
cider at last week’s Royal Bath and West Show. To win the cup for the
champion Farmhouse Cider was like a dream in itself. When that same
cider was then chosen as the Supreme Champion of the Show, I scarcely
was able to take it in. It seemed just incredible! Having had a
completely trophyless lifetime, (I was totally useless at all sports
in my schooldays), to unexpectedly win two silver pots, big ones at
that, was certainly breaking new ground. I was thrilled to bits! For
me this was not only the high point of this cidermaking year but of
all my cidermaking years and doubtless of those yet to come. A joyful,
once in a lifetime experience, thanks to the golden juice from a tiny,
18 tree, Dorset orchard!

I felt honoured to be the first cider maker to bring these two trophys
to Dorset. On coming back here with them last Saturday, I had the
curious thought that bringing the Worshipful Fruiterers Supreme Cider
Cup out of Somerset, seemed rather like stealing the Stone of Scone. I
note however that Alex Hill wrested it across the boundary into Devon,
after winning with his Bollhayes Cider in 2006. But in all other
years it has remained solidly in its home county, being won by
Somerset producers, large, medium and small (notably our Michael Cobb
in 2004).

I might have known that such braggart thoughts could elicit an ancient
Somerset curse, perhaps muttered by some old farmer on the Levels,
into his mug of scrumpy. And so it was that on Sunday morning I found
water was pouring out from under the ciderhouse door and there was an
unpleasant hissing sound coming from within. A pipe had burst during
the night, spraying water upwards and drenching everything. The
electrics had tripped due to water in the light fittings. The steel
vats had been topped up with water on top of their sealed lids.
Fortunately this was unable to penetrate into the cider held below the
seals. Most things were none the worse for a soaking but there was one
terrible exception. A few days earlier I had worked hard bottling,
corking, wiring and labelling, 150 bottles of keeved Kingston Black.
I’d then packed them into cardboard boxes and stacked them below the
table for temporary storage. This whole stack of boxes had now become
a soggy mess. It took most of Sunday to get the water out, from in and
under furnishings and equipment. Today I set to work rescuing the
bottles of Kingston from their squelchy cartons. I found that a large
number of the bottle labels had also been ruined. There is a lot of
work that now has to be done again.

It was a chore sorting out this little disaster area today, but I was
buoyed up with a new resolve. When the Kingston has been reworked I
intend to bottle the winning cider with a little sugar into heavy
weight bottles. This should then preserve it as a sparkler that can be
enjoyed as a memento of last week’s success, for a good few years to
come. I wont put any boxes of it under the table though, just in case.

Rose

Re: [ukcider] Re: Blending keeved cider

I’ve been mulling over the pearls of wisdom from David and Gary with
regard to the errors in SG measurement due to temperature variation
and the phenomenom of stratification. When making dry cider these
effects are of no great concern. Apart from the all important
measurement of SG prior to fermentation, thereafter the hydrometer
really only serves as an indicator to confirm that fermentation is
complete. This is quite a different matter when it comes to keeved
cider. The SG reading and its rate of fall, is crucial at bottling
time. One needs to be able to determine that the yeast is becoming
starved and that the SG is ‘bottoming out’. Only then can bottling be
safely carried out. At SGs above 1010, one has to feel confident that
there will not be the potential for more than the small amount of
fermentation needed to produce a sparkle. I’m all the more conscious
of this now having seen the bottle figures in Andrew’s book. The most
a champagne bottle can stand is 1010, should the fermentation decide
to go to fully dry.

At this time of the year I’m watching the SGs of the keeved ciders
almost day by day, in order to establish when it will be safe to
bottle. We discussed this here last year and a useful rule of thumb
came to light. If I’ve remembered it incorrectly, please somebody put
me right, but I believe that if a one point drop of SG takes a period
of 10 days or more, it can be taken as an indication that the SG is
bottoming out and that it is safe to bottle.

The implication is that for keeving it is important to be able to read
SG to within a degree and therefore reading errors do need to be
considered. I’ve looked in vain for some figures. David please
enlighten me. Say for example the ambient temp is 10 C, how is the
hydrometer reading affected? Regarding errors due to stratification,
that is something that I never would have even thought about. Thank
you Gary, it is good to be aware of it. I will have a gentle stir
before measuring in future, if notable changes in temperature have
occurred.

Continuing the experimental 50/50 blending of the keeved Porters and
Yarlington, I’ve progressed from the demijohn and now have a 120 litre
tub of it. Like the demijohn, this is also holding at 1012. As the
two ciders were well mixed during their blending, I needn’t worry
about stratification. Since the weather has stayed the same for two
weeks, around 15 C every day, there is no difference between
hydrometer readings due to temperature. Another week of similar
readings and perhaps I will feel confident enough to bottle!

I’m looking forward to bottling because I’m dying to try out Barry’s
corker, that he has kindly lent me.

Rose.

On 19 Mar 2009, at 11:11, Gary Awdey wrote:

> On Tuesday, March 17, 2009, David Llewellyn wrote:

>> Apart from the accuracy problem of actually determining small
>> differences while reading along a scale, if the
>> temperature of the cider was much lower at the time of the first
>> reading (ie the cold weather we had weeks ago), it might have accounted for an
>> apparent small change in SG, unless you corrected the readings to 20 degrees
>> C for example. The lower the temperature of the liquid, the higher the SG
>> reading will be, so you have to correct to a standard temperature. Sorry if
>> you have already taken this into account!!
>
> Another cautionary note (with more apologies if you’ve already taken
> this into account) is the effect of stratification. In the past I’ve
> occasionally noted odd readings that go counter to what would be
> predicted by the temperature density effect David mentions. When it is warmer
> you would expect density (and gravity readings) to be lower. What I’ve
> found is that sometimes the warmer weather makes fermentation of keeved
> ciders more active with the result that it is de-stratified. Measurement after
> racking is also occasionally higher than measurement before (I generally take
> samples from near the top). Heavier cider, richer in sugar, is
> mixed up from the bottom when fermentation is more active. This phenomenon is
> mentioned in several winemaking books so evidently it is not
> particularly unusual. When an accurate gravity reading of the entire batch is
> needed (which is admittedly not very often) I make sure the cider is
> adequately mixed by stirring or sparging with carbon dioxide gas (taking care
> not to introduce oxygen at the same time). However I don’t attempt to
> destratify cider that is still sitting on top of deposits that might be
> disturbed. I usually mix blended ciders thoroughly before measuring gravity.
> Otherwise measurement tends to be skewed toward the low side (and presumably the
> opposite would be true if samples were obtained from the bottom of the
> vessel).
>
> Similarly, if two keeved ciders are mixed and fermentation is very
> slow (as one would hope it would be) then you may start with a well mixed
> blend but see measured gravity drop unexpectedly quickly as stratification
> occurs. This would seem to be more likely as a cause of possible measurement
> error if you see a notable drop in gravity without seeing a corresponding
> amount of gas escaping at the airlock.
>
> Gary Awdey
> Eden, New York

Blending keeved cider

The other day Barry and I were talking about blending keeved ciders.
He told me that by so doing, he had achieved a pleasing blend that has
settled out at around 1010. I’ve since been wondering if anyone else
who has done this, or even perhaps regularly does so, would care to
comment.

I have blended juices after pressing that were then successfully
keeved, but I’ve not blended ciders after keeving. This year I would
like to, because of the considerable disparity between my batches.
This puts me in a dilemma as I’m not sure what the outcome may be.

If I were to set a GCE question on the subject it would go something
like this:

Two keeved ciders whose fermentations are essentially stabilised, one
at SG 1.03 and the other at SG 1.01 are blended together in equal
quantities. What is the resultant SG?

The answer would seem to be 1.02, but is it? I am wondering if the
less perfectly keeved cider would act disproportionately on the high
level of sugar remaining in the well keeved cider and thus drag the
resultant SG down to its own level?

Rose.